Cardiomyopathy

Common Types of Cardiomyopathy

There are different types of cardiomyopathy, and each one affects the heart in a unique way.

1. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form. In this condition, the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood as strongly as it should.
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes the heart muscle to thicken, which can block blood flow and make the heart work harder. This type is often inherited and can affect people of any age.
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscle becomes stiff and less flexible. As a result, the heart can’t fill with blood properly between beats.
4. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a rare form in which fatty or scar tissue replaces the muscle on the right side of the heart, which leads to rhythm problems.

Each type needs a different approach to care, and our team guides patients through the right steps based on their condition.

Causes of Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy can be caused by a number of factors.

Sometimes it runs in families, while other times it develops after heart damage from another condition. Common causes include high blood pressure, heart attacks, valve problems, infections, diabetes, obesity, and long-term alcohol or drug use.

In some cases, the cause isn’t known, which is referred to as idiopathic cardiomyopathy. No matter the cause, early detection and proper treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy

Many people with cardiomyopathy do not notice symptoms right away. As the disease gets worse, symptoms may include:

• Shortness of breath, especially during activity or while lying down
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
• Fatigue or feeling lightheaded
• Irregular heartbeat or chest discomfort
• Fainting during physical activity

These signs can also occur with other heart problems, so it’s important to get checked if any of these symptoms appear.

How is Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed

Diagnosis usually begins with a physical exam and a discussion of symptoms and family history. At our heart clinic, we may use tests like electrocardiograms (EKG), echocardiograms, blood tests, chest X-rays, or MRIs to look at heart structure and function.

In some cases, genetic testing may also be helpful, especially if there is a family history.

Treatment Options for Cardiomyopathy

Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy and how advanced it is. The goal is to relieve symptoms, slow the disease, and improve heart function. This may include lifestyle changes, medications to help the heart pump more efficiently, or procedures to control heart rhythms.

In some cases, a device like a pacemaker or defibrillator may be needed. For severe cases, a heart transplant may be an option. Our team creates a personalized treatment plan based on each patient’s needs and health status.